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A to Z
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Linear Algebra
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Number Theory
Calculus
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A to Z
Definitions written by Jonathan Borwein & Ephraim Borowski
A to Z
-fold
-gon
-hedron
-illion
-tuple
A
a
a fortiori
a posteriori
a priori
a-
a.e.
abacus
Abel Niels Henrik
Abel summation
Abel's limit theorem
Abel's partial summation formula
Abel's test
Abelian group
Abelian theorem
above
abscissa
absolute
absolute frequency
absolute geometry
absolute retract
absolute temperature
absolute value
absolutely continuous
absolutely convergent
absolutely normal number
absolutely summable
absolutely symmetric
absorbing set
absorbing state
absorption laws
abstract
Abstract Algebra
abstract algebra
abstract machine
abstraction
abundant number
acceleration
accumulation point
accuracy
accurate
Achilles paradox
acnode
acos
acosec
acosech
acosh
acot
acoth
acsc
acsch
act
action
active
actn
actnh
acute
acyclic
ad infinitum
add
addend
adding machine
addition
addition formula
additive
additive identity
additive inverse
adherent point
adj.
adjacency matrix
adjacent
adjacent angles
adjoint
adjoint equation
adjugate
admissible variation
affine
affine geometry
affine hull
affine manifold
affine plane
affine span
affine transformation
affinely independent set
affinity
affirmative
agm
agonic
agree
Airy function
Akerman Function
AKS primality test
Alaoglu's theorem
aleph
aleph-null
alethic
Alexander's sub-base theorem
Alexandroff compactification
alg.
algebra
algebra of propositions
algebra of sets
algebra over a field
algebraic
algebraic addition theorem
algebraic closure
algebraic equation
algebraic extension
algebraic function
algebraic geometry
algebraic independence
algebraic integer
algebraic number
algebraic number field
algebraic number theory
algebraic system
algebraic topology
algebraic variety
algebraically soluble
algorithm
aliorelative
aliquant part
aliquot part
almost all
almost disjoint
almost surely
aln
alog
alpha-beta theorem
alphabet
alternant
alternate angles
alternating form
alternating group
alternating multilinear function
alternating series
alternating series test
alternation
alternation theorem
alternative hypothesis
alternative theorem
altitude
ambiguous case
amicable numbers
amp
amplitude
analog device
analysis
Analysis and Topology
analysis of variance
analysis situs
analyst
analytic
analytic continuation
analytic geometry
analytic proof
analytic set
analytic structure
analytical engine
ancestral
anchor ring
and
angle
angle brackets
angular
angular acceleration
angular momentum
angular velocity
anharmonic ratio
Ann
annihilator
annulus
anomaly
antecedent
anti-
anticlastic
anticlockwise
antiderivative
antidesignated
antidifferentiate
antilog
antilogarithm
antiparallel
antipodal points
antisymmetric
antitone
Apery's theorem
apex
Apollonian packing
Apollonius' circle
apothem
application
applied
applied mathematics
approximate
approximate line search
approximation
apse
Arabic numerals
arbitrary constant
arc
arc length
arc-
arc-connected
arc-cosecant
arc-cosech
arc-cosh
arc-cosine
arc-cotangent
arc-cotanh
arc-secant
arc-sech
arc-sine
arc-sinh
arc-tangent
arc-tanh
Archimedean property
Archimedean solid
Archimedean spiral
Archimedes
Archimedes' method
Archimedes' spiral
arcograph
area
arg.
Argand diagram
argument
Aristotelian logic
arith.
Arithmetic
arithmetic
arithmetic function
arithmetic mean
arithmetic progression
arithmetic series
arithmetic-geometric mean
arithmetic-geometric mean inequality
arithmetic-geometric mean iteration
arithmetical
arity
Armijo's method
arrangement
array
arrow
arrow paradox
Arrow's impossibility theorem
artificial variable
Artin's conjecture on primitive roots
Artinian module
Artinian ring
Arzela-Ascoli theorem
ascending chain condition
ASCII
Ascoli's theorem
asec
asech
asin
asinh
assignment
assignment problem
associate numbers
associative
associative law
assumption
astroid
asymmetric
asymptote
asymptotic
asymptotic density
asymptotic direction
asymptotic expansion
asymptotic stability
asymptotically stable
atan
atanh
atlas
atom
atomic
attainable set
atto-
attractor
augend
augmentation
augmented Euclidean geometry
augmented Lagrangian
augmented matrix
aut
Aut
autocorrelation
autocovariance
automata theory
automorphic function
automorphism
autonomous
auxiliary equation
average
average deviation
axial vector
axiom
axiom of choice
axiom of inaccessibility
axiom of infinity
axiomatic probability
axiomatic set theory
axiomatic system
axis
axis of perspectivity
axis of rotation
axis of symmetry
azimuth
B
B*-algebra
Babbage's engine
backward difference
backward error analysis
backward induction
Baire category
Baire category theorem
Baire set
Baire space
baker's transformation
balanced
balanced block design
ball
Banach algebra
Banach contraction mapping theorem
Banach limit
Banach space
Banach Stefan
Banach-Alaoglu theorem
Banach-Steinhaus theorem
Banach-Tarski theorem
bang-bang principle
bar
bar chart
bar induction
Barcan formula
barrel
barrelled
barrier function
barycenter
barycentric coordinates
base
base clause
base field
base period
basic feasible solution
basic variables
basis
basis theorem
Bayes's theorem
Bayesian
bcd
Begriffsschrift
behavioural variable
bell-shaped curve
Bellman's principle of optimality
below
bending moment
Bernoulli equation
Bernoulli Jakob
Bernoulli number
Bernoulli trial
Bernoulli's theorem
Bernstein polynomials
Bernstein's theorem
Berry's paradox
Bertrand's postulate
Bessel function
Bessel's equation
Bessel's inequality
best approximation
beta function
between
between-subjects design
Bezout's lemma
Bezout's theorem
bi-
bi-orthogonal
bias
biased
bicompact
biconditional
bicontinuous
Bieberbach's conjecture
bifurcation
bijection
bijective
bilateral shift
bilinear
bilinear functional
billion
bimodal
binary
binary code
binary coded decimal
binary digit
binary line search
binary notation
binary number
binary operation
binary relation
binary system
binary tree
bind
binding
binomial
binomial coefficient
binomial distribution
binomial expansion
binomial experiment
binomial theorem
binormal
bipartite
bipolar set
biquadrate
biquadratic
Birkhoff ergodic theorem
Birkhoff George David
Birkhoff's theorem
bisect
bisection method
bisector
Bishop-Phelps theorem
bit
bitangent
bivariate
block design
block multiplication
block-diagonal matrix
body
body force
body force density
body spin
body torque
Bolza's problem
Bolzano's theorem
Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem
Bonnet's mean-value theorem
Boolean
Boolean algebra
Boolean ring
bordering
Borel Felix Edouard Justin Emile
Borel measure
Borel measureable function
Borel set
Borel-Cantelli lemma
borromean rings.xm
borrow
Borsuk-Ulam theorem
bottleneck problems
bound
boundary
boundary condition
boundary hyperplane
bounded
bounded above
bounded away from zero
bounded below
bounded variation
Bourbaki Nikolas
bow compass
Bowditch curves
box
bra
brace
brachistochrone
bracket
braid
branch
branch point
branch-and-bound method
Brianchon's theorem
Briggsian logarithm
broken line
Brouwer's form of the degree
Brouwer's theorem
Brouwer's theorem (on domain invariance)
Brownian motion
Bruck-Ryser-Chowla theorem
Buffon's needle
bundle
Buniakovski's inequality
Burali-Forti paradox
Buridan's ass
byte
C
c
C(r)
C*-algebra
calculate
calculation
calculator
calculus
calculus of variations
cancel
cancellation law
canonical
canonical basis
Cantor Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philip
Cantor set
Cantor's diagonal theorem
Cantor's intersection theorem
Cantor's paradox
Cantor's ternary set
Cantor-Bendixson theorem
Cantor-Bernstein theorem
Cantorian set theory
cap
capacity
Caratheodory Constantin
Caratheodory measurable
Caratheodory outer measure
Caratheodory's extension theorem
Caratheodory's theorem
Cardano's formula
cardinal
cardinal number
cardinality
cardioid
Carleson's theorem
Carmichael number
carrier
carry
Cartesian
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian distance
Cartesian plane
Cartesian product
Cartesian space
Cartesian square
Cartesian tensor
Casorati-Weierstrass theorem
Cassini ovals
casting out nines
Catalan numbers
Catalan's constant
catastrophe theory
categorial
category
category theory
catenary
catenoid
Cauchy Augustin Louis Baron
Cauchy condensation test
Cauchy condition
Cauchy form of the remainder
Cauchy integral formula
Cauchy principal value
Cauchy product
Cauchy sequence
Cauchy's inequality
Cauchy's integral formula
Cauchy's integral theorem
Cauchy's lemma
Cauchy's mean-value theorem
Cauchy's ratio test
Cauchy's residue theorem
Cauchy's root test
Cauchy's stress principle
Cauchy's stress theorem
Cauchy's vorticity formula
Cauchy-Green deformation tensors
Cauchy-Hadamard theorem
Cauchy-Kowalewska theorem
Cauchy-Riemann equations
Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
Cavalieri's principle
Cayley algebra
Cayley representation theorem
Cayley-Hamilton theorem
cdf
ceiling
center
center of curvature
center of mass
center of perspectivity
center of similitude
center of symmetry
centesimal
centi-
centile
central angle
central conic
central difference
central dilatation
central limit theorem
central moment
centralizer
centrifugal force
centroid
Cesaro summation
ceteris paribus
Ceva's theorem
cevian
cgs
ch
ch-|
chain
chain condition
chain rule
Champernowne's number
chance variable
change of observer
change of variables
channel
chaos
chaotic
character
characteristic
characteristic equation
characteristic function
characteristic of a field
characteristic polynomial
characteristic root
characteristic subset
characteristic vector
charateristic curve
Charpit's method
chart
Chebyshev
Chebyshev approximation
Chebyshev norm
Chebyshev polynomials (of the first kind)
Chebyshev's inequality
Chebyshev's theorem
chi-square distribution
chi-square test
chief series
Chinese postman problem
Chinese remainder theorem
Cholesky decomposition
chord
chromatic number
Church's theorem
Church's thesis
cipher
cir.
circle
circle of convergence
circle of curvature
circuit
circulant
circular
circular function
circular measure
circular point
circular triangle
circulating decimal
circulation
circulation preserving motion
circumcenter
circumcircle
circumference
circumscribe
cis
cissoid
Clairaut's equation
Clairaut's form
clamped boundary condition
Clarke generalized directional derivative
class
class equation
class interval
class mark
class number
classical
classical category
classical eigenvalue problem
classical probability
clique
clock arithmetic
clockwise
clopen
closed
closed ball
closed curve
closed form
closed graph theorem
closed interval
closed mapping
closed neighborhood
closed path
closed sentence
closed set
closure
cluster
cluster point
cn
cnf
coarser
coaxial
Cobb-Douglas function
code
codimension
coding theory
codomain
coefficient
coefficient functionals
coefficient matrix
coefficient of kinetic friction
coefficient of probability
coefficient of restitution
coefficient of static friction
coercive
cofactor
cofinal
cofinite subset
cofunction
coincident
colatitude
collinear
collineation
cologarithm
colorable
column
column equivalence
column rank
column space
column vector
column-reduced echelon form
column-stochastic
combination
combinatorial analysis
combinatorial logic
Combinatorics
commensurable
common
common denominator
common difference
common factor
common fraction
common logarithm
common multiple
common tangent
commutative
commutative diagram
commutative law
commutative ring
commutator
commute
commuting indeterminate
compact
compactification
compactness theorem
compactum
companion matrix
comparable
comparison test
comparison tolerance
compass and straight-edge construction
compasses
competitive equilibrium
complement
complementarity problem
complementary
complementary angle
complementary function
complementary minor
complementary modulus
complementary slackness
complementation
complete
complete elliptic integral
complete induction
complete matching
complete measure
complete quadrangle
complete quadrilateral
complete regularity
complete residue system
complete solution
complete symmetric group
complete the square
completely balanced block design
completely continuous
completely monotone function
completely normal topological space
completely regular
completeness postulate
completeness theorem
completion
complex
complex analysis
complex conjugate
complex fraction
complex function
complex number
complex plane
complex point
complex velocity potential
complexification
complexity
complexity theory
component
component transformation law
composite
composite number
composition
composition factors
composition series
compound fraction
compound interest
compound number
compound statement
comprehension axiom
compressible
compressive normal stress
computability theory
computable
computation
compute
computer
concatenate
concave
concave down
concave up
concavity
concentrated
concentric
conchoid
conclusion
concomitant matrix
concrete number
concurrence
concurrent
concyclic
condensation point
condition
condition number
conditional
conditional completeness
conditional convergence
conditional distribution
conditional expectation
conditional probability
conditionalization
conditionally complete
conditionally convergent
cone
confidence interval
confidence level
confidence limits
configuration
confirm
confirmation paradox
confocal
conformable
conformal
congruence
congruence class
congruent
congruential method
conic
conic section
conics
conjugacy class
conjugacy problem
conjugate
conjugate axis
conjugate exponents
conjugate gradient methods
conjugate pairs of points
conjugate ruled surface
conjugate surd
conjugate variable
conjugate-linear functional
conjunct
conjunction
conjunction elimination
conjunction introduction
conjunctive
conjunctive normal form
connected
connectedness
connective
conoid
consequence
consequent
conservative
conservative extension
conservative summability method
conservative vector field
consistency theorem
consistent
constant
constant matrix
constant of integration
constitutive equation
constrained optimization
constraint
constraint qualification
construct
constructible
construction
constructive
constructive dilemma
constructivism
contact force
contact torque
contain
content
contextual definition
contingency
contingency table
contingent
continued fraction
continued product
continuity equation
continuous
continuous deformation
continuous multifunction
continuous spectrum
continuously differentiable
continuum
continuum hypothesis
continuum mechanics
contour
contour integral
contour line
contract curve
contracted
contraction
contraction mapping theorem
contradiction
contradictory
contragredient matrix
contraposition
contrapositive
contrary
contravariant
contravariant metric tensor
contravariant tensor
control
control chart
control condition
control theory
control variable
Conventional usages
converge
convergence
convergent
convergent in mean
convergent in measure
convergents
converse
convert
convex
convex combination
convex hull
convex polyhedron
convex polytope
convex quadrangle
convolution
convolve
coordinate
coordinate change
coordinate function
coordinate geometry
coordinate plane
coordinate space
coordinate system
coplanar
coprime
core
Coriolis force
corollary
correct to n decimal places
correction
correlation
correlation matrix
correspond
correspondence
correspondence theorem
corresponding angles
corresponding sides
cos
cos-|
cosec
cosec-|
cosecant
cosech
cosech-|
coset
cosh
cosh-|
cosine
cosine law
cot
cot-|
cotangent
cotanh
cotanh-|
count
countable
countably additive
countably infinite
counterclockwise
counter-domain
counter-harmonic mean
counterexample
counterfactual
counterimage
counterpart
counting measure
couple
coupled
Courant penalty function
cov
covariance
covariance matrix
covariant
covariant tensor
covector
cover
covers
coversed sine
Cramer's rule
critical point
critical region
cross product
cross ratio
cross-cap
cross-correlation
cross-cut
cross-multiply
crossed quadrangle
cruciform
crude
crunode
csc
csc-|
csch
csch-|
ctn
ctn-|
ctnh
ctnh-|
cubage
cubature
cube
cube root
cubic
cubic resolvent equation
cubical
cubiform
cuboctahedron
cuboid
cumulant
cumulative distribution function
cumulative frequency
cup
curl
current
current configuration
current density
curtate trochoid
curvature
curvature vector
curve
curvilinear
curvilinear integral
cusp
cut
cycle
cycle pattern
cyclic group
cyclic permutation
cyclic quadrilateral
cycling
cycloid
cyclometric function
cyclosymmetric
cyclotomic
cylinder
cylindrical coordinates
cylindroid
cypher
d
D
D'Alembert's ratio test
da
damped oscillation
Daniell integration
Darboux integral
Darboux property
Darboux sum
datum
de dicto
de Moivre's formulae
De Morgan's laws
de re
decade
decagon
decahedron
deci-
decidable
decile
decimal
decimal fraction
decimal notation
decimal place
decimal point
decimal system
decimalize
decision problem
decision procedure
decision theory
declination
decompose
decomposition
decreasing
decrement
decrypt
decryption
Dedekind cut
Dedekind Julius Wilhelm Richard
Dedekind ring
Dedekind-complete
deducibility
deduction
deduction theorem
deductive
def
defect
defective number
deferred approach to the limit
deficiency
deficient number
definiendum
definiens
definite
definite description
definite integral
definition
defn
deformation
deformation gradient
degeneracy
degenerate
degenerate conic
degenerate state
degree
degrees of freedom
deka-
del
deleted neighborhood
Delian altar problem
delta
delta function
deltoid
demonstration
denary
denominator
dense
dense in itself
density
density of a point
denumerable
deontic logic
dependent
dependent variable
depression
derangement
derivation
derivation rules
derivative
derivative test
derive
derived series
derived set
derived subgroup
Desargues' theorem
Descartes Rene
Descartes' rule of signs
descendant
descending chain condition
descent methods
describe
description
descriptive geometry
descriptive statistics
design
designated
destructive dilemma
detach
detachment
determinant
determine
develop
deviation
deviatoric
df
diagonal
diagonal matrix
diagonal point
diagonal process
diagonalizable matrix.xml
diagonally dominant matrix
diagram
diameter
diametral
diametrical
diamond
dichotomous line search
dichotomy
dictionary
Dido's problem
diffeomorphism
difference
difference engine
difference equation
difference of squares
difference polynomial
difference quotient
difference sequence
differentiable
differential
differential calculus
differential coefficient
differential equation
differential form
differential geometry
differential manifold
differential operator
differential structure
differentiate
differentiation
diffusion equation
digamma function
digit
digital
digital computer
digraph
dihedral
dihedral group
dihedron
dilatation
dilemma
dilogarithm
dimension
Dini derivatives
Dini's theorem
Diophantine equation
Dirac delta function
direct
direct product
direct proof
direct proportion
direct sum
direct variation
directed
directed number
directed ratio
directed set
direction
direction angles
direction cosines
direction field
direction numbers
directional derivative
directrix
Dirichlet Peter Gustav Lejeune
Dirichlet series
Dirichlet's condition
Dirichlet's kernel
Dirichlet's principle
Dirichlet's problem
Dirichlet's test
Dirichlet's theorem
Dirichlet-type boundary conditions
disconnected
discontinuity
discontinuous
discrete
discrete Fourier transform
discrete topology
discretization
discriminant
discriminatory
disjoint
disjoint union
disjunct
disjunction
disjunctive normal form
disjunctive syllogism
disk
dispersion
displacement
displacement gradient
dissect
dissymmetry
distance
distinct
distinctiveness ratio
distribute
distribution
distribution function
distributive law
div
diverge
diverge to zero
divergence
divergence theorem
divergent
diversity
divide
divided difference
dividend
dividers
divisibility
divisible
division
division algebra
division algorithm
division of a segment
division ring
division sign
divisor
divisor function
dn
dnf
dodecagon
dodecahedron
domain
domain of definition
domain of discourse
dominate
dominated
dominated convergence theorem
dot
dot product
double false position
double integral
double negation
double ordinate
double point
double precision
double root
double ruled surface
double sequence
double series
double tangent
double-angle formula
doubling the cube
doubly periodic
doubly stochastic
doxastic logic
dragon curve
drawer principle
dual
dual isomorphism
dual linear program
dual norm
duality
duality gap
duality theory of linear programming
dummy suffix convention
dummy variable
dump
duodecimal
dyad
dyadic
dyadic product
dynamic programming
dynamical system
dynamics
e
E
E-matrix
E-operation
Eberlein-Smulian theorem
eccentric
eccentricity
ecenter
echelon form
ecircle
economy
edge
Edgeworth box
Edgeworth-Pareto point
effective
efficient code
efficient point
Egoroff's theorem
Egyptian fraction
eigenfunction
eigenvalue
eigenvector
Einstein Albert
Eisenstein's criterion
elastic
elasticity
electric field
electromagnetic field tensor
electromagnetic potentials
electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic wave
element
elementarily equivalent
elementary
elementary column operation
elementary divisor
elementary function
elementary matrix
elementary matrix operation
elementary operation
elementary reduction
elementary row operation
elementary symmetric function
eliminant
eliminate
elimination rule
ellipse
ellipsoid
ellipsoid method
ellipsoid of revolution
elliptic equation
elliptic function
elliptic geometry
elliptic integral
elliptic paraboloid
elliptical
ellipticity
embedding
empirical
empirical probability
empty
empty word
enantiomorphic
End
endecadic
endomorphism
endow
endpoint
energy balance equation
energy principle
ennea-
entail
entailment
entire
entire surd
entropy
entry
enumerable
envelope
epi
epicycle
epicycloid
epigraph
epimorphism
epistemic logic
epsilon
epsilon neighborhood
epsilon net
epsilon-delta notation
equal
equality
equals sign
equate
equation
equation of continuity
equations of motion
equator
equi-
equiangular
equiangular spiral
equicontinuous
equidistant
equilateral
equilibrium
equilibrium point
equimeasurable
equinumerous
equipollent
equipotent
equiprobable
equivalence
equivalence class
equivalence relation
equivalent
equivalent norms
eradius
Eratosthenes
erect
ergodic
ergodic hypothesis
ergodic set
Erlangen program
error
error-correcting code
escribed circle
essential
essential boundedness
essential domain
essential singularity
essential supremum
essentially bounded
estimate
estimator
Euclid
Euclid numbers
Euclid's algorithm
Euclid's axioms
Euclidean
Euclidean algorithm
Euclidean construction
Euclidean distance
Euclidean domain
Euclidean geometry
Euclidean norm
Euclidean point space
Euclidean ring
Euclidean space
Euclidean topology
Euclidean vector space
Eudoxus' axiom
Euler chain
Euler characteristic
Euler differential equation
Euler equation
Euler Leonhard
Euler line
Euler multiplier
Euler number
Euler phi function
Euler summation formula
Euler trail
Euler's circles
Euler's constant
Euler's criterion
Euler's equation
Euler's equations of motion
Euler's formula
Euler's laws of motion
Euler-Bernoulli law
Euler-Lagrange equations
Euler-Maclaurin summation formula
Euler-Mascheroni constant
Eulerian angles
Eulerian chain
Eulerian circuit
Eulerian description
Eulerian strain rate
Eulerian walk
evaluate
even
event
eventually
evolute
evolution
exa-
exact
exact differential
exact line search
exact numerical quantifier
exact sequence
examination paradox
example
excenter
excess demand
exchange property
excircle
excluded middle
exclusive
exclusive disjunction
exhaustive
existence
existential
existential generalization
existential instantiation
existential quantifier
exp
expand
expansion
expectation
expected utility
expected value
experimental condition
experimental design
explicit
explicit definition
exponent
exponential
Exponential and Logarithmic functions
exponential distribution
exponential function
exponential matrix
exponential notation
exponential series
exponentiate
exportation
express
expression
exradius
extended
extended plane
extended precision
extended real numbers
extension
extension field
extensional
extensionality
extensive
exterior
exterior algebra
exterior angle
exterior differential
exterior multiplication
exterior penalty function
exterior point
exterior product
external direct product
external direct sum
external division (of a segment)
extract
extraneous roots
extrapolate
extremal
extreme
extreme and mean ratio
extreme point
extremum
extrinsic
f
F
F distribution
F-sigma set
F-space
face
factor
factor analysis
factor group
factor ring
factor space
factor theorem
factorial
factorize
faithful
faithful module
fallacy
false
false position
family
fan
Farey sequence
Farkas' lemma
farthest point
Fasbender's theorem
fast Fourier transform
Fatou's lemma
feasible
feasible directions method
feasible set
Feit-Thomson theorem
Fejer polynomials
Fejer's condition
Fejer's theorem
femto-
Fenchel conjugate
Fenchel's duality theorem
Fermat Pierre de
Fermat prime
Fermat's last theorem
Fermat's little the
